The Application of GIS in Small Watershed Classification in Loess Plateau

ＴｈｅＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＧＩｓｉｎＳｍａｌｌＷａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄＣｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＬｏｅｓｓＰｌａｔｅａｕＺｈｕＪｉｎｚｈａｏ，ＷｕＢｉｎ，ＢｉＨｕａｘｉｎｇ，ＺｈｏｕＣｈａｎｇｑｉｎｇＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＳｏｉｌａｎｄＷａｔｅｒＣ...     

刺槐抗旱造林技术的研究

在不同类型区及不同立地条件下，研究了提高剌槐成活率和生长量的抗旱造林技术。结果表明，采用径流集存、吸水剂蘸根、覆膜覆草及幼林地少量施肥技术，均可显著提高剌槐造林成率与生长量，提高幅度为２．０％－８．９％和１４．５％－８７．５％。采用混草技术可增收可观的优质牧草，经济效益和生态效益显著。     

冻融中土壤的水热动态

根据在北京郊区的试验,认为土壤水冻融过程可分为三阶段,其中第二阶段有聚墒现象,平均聚墒8.6mm,所聚的墒在融化过程中又逐渐消失。气温回升至-2℃左右是冻层下部由冻到融的转折温度。冬灌水保存到来年春季的数量有限,本试验中1m 土层内平均不足20mm。     

黄土高原地区草场资源与畜牧业的发展战略初探

本文根据黄土高原草场的特征、分布及其评价,对草场资源在发展畜牧业中的作用与地位进行了论述,确定了黄土高原畜牧业发展的战略目标、布局与措施,以及草场资源的保护与合理利用。     

A Study on Water Exchange in Root Zone of ProtectiveForest Ecosystem in Loess Area

ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＷａｔｅｒＥｘｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎＲｏｏｔＺｏｎｅｏｆＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｖｅＦｏｒｅｓｔＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎＬｏｅｓｓＡｒｅａＹｕＸｉｎｘｉａｏＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＳｏｉｌａｎｄＷａｔｅｒＣｏｎｓｅｒｒａｔｉｏｎ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＦｏｒｅｓｔ...     

Tolerance of disturbance by humans in long-time resident and recent colonist urban doves

Background: A critical trait for successful urban dwelling by birds is the ability to tolerate high levels of disturbing stimulation by humans. If such tolerance is partly acquired gradually after colonization, species with a long history of residence in cities are likely to be more tolerant of such stimulation than recent urban colonists, but this has not often been tested.Methods: We tested whether introduced Rock(Columba livia) and Spotted(Streptopelis chinensis) Doves, historically long-term residents of Melbourne, Australia, were more tolerant of disturbance by humans than the very recent colonist, the native Crested Pigeon(Ochyphaps lophotes) by comparing the Flight Initiation Distances(FID) and time allocations to vigilance during foraging of all three species in urban Melbourne. That all three species are members of the Columbiformes reduces the possibility that any species differences in tolerance are simply phylogenetic in origin.Results: Flight initiation distance was shorter in Rock Doves than in the other two species, which did not differ in approachability by a human. Rock Doves retreated from an approaching human mainly by walking a relatively short distance, Crested Pigeons mainly by running a relatively short distance and Spotted Doves primarily by flying a comparatively long distance. The time allocation to anti-predator vigilance of Rock Doves was smaller than that of the other two species, whose allocations were similar.Conclusions: The very recent colonist of eastern Melbourne, the Crested Pigeon, was not the least tolerant of disturbance by humans of the three related species. Natural selection for tolerance therefore probably cannot entirely explain the pattern of tolerance evident among these urban dove species and behavioural flexibility is probably involved. Length of residency in a city is not an infallible guide to a species’ level of tolerance of disturbance by humans.     

高良姜叶枯病病原菌的分离和鉴定

[目的]明确高良姜叶枯病病原菌.[方法]病原菌从高良姜感病组织上分离并依据柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定,病原菌的鉴定主要通过形态鉴定和ITS序列分析.[结果]高良姜叶枯病病原菌确定为可可毛色二孢（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）,属子囊菌门（Ascomycota）,座囊菌纲（Dothideomycetes）,葡萄座腔菌目（Botryosphaeriales）,葡萄座腔菌科（Botryosphaeriaceae）,毛色二孢属（Lasiodiplodia）.[结论]首次报道高良姜叶枯病病原菌为可可毛色二孢.     

北京、南京地区土壤中若干元素的自然背景值

用原子吸收、中子活化、X射线荧光、极谱以及比色等方法,测定了北京、南京地区几种主要土壤中铜、铍、锌、镉、汞、钪、镧、铅、砷、硒、铬、钼、锰、钴和镍等元素的含量。得出了北京、南京地区土壤中各该元素的背景值。背景值用算术平均值及标准差来表示。讨论了土壤类型和成土母质类型对土壤中元素背景值的影响,结论是成土母质类型是影响这些元素背景值的重要因素。作者认为,即使在城市附近,获得这些元素在土壤中的背景值仍然是可能的。     

黄土旱塬农业生态系统土壤深层水分消耗与水分生态环境效应

研究了渭北旱塬不同土地利用方式下大田土壤深层剖面含水率的变化特征，并与长期田间定位试验结果进行比较。结果发现，不同土地利用方式能显著影响土壤深层含水率状况，各种方式对土壤深层水消耗能力的排序是15龄苹果园＞15龄人工苜蓿＞10龄苹果园＞刺槐幼林＞高产农田＞20年撂荒地＞5龄苹果园＞裸地。10龄苹果园剖面剩余含水率分布接近高产农田，而15龄苹果园土壤剩余含水率低于高产农田，说明10龄到15龄苹果树耗水量显著增大，超过高产农田作物消耗的水分，导致土壤深层水分进一步消耗。由于塬面大部分耕地是高产农田与苹果园，土壤深层含水率普遍处于较低水平。苹果树的大面积种植加快了土壤深层水分消耗，最终可能影响这一区域的陆地水循环。     

治理水土流失 建设生态长汀

长汀县水土流失治理自2000年被列入福建省委、省政府为民办实事项目后,长汀人因长汀制宜、因长汀施策,通过理念创新、技术创新、管理创新和机制创新,逐步形成了具有长汀特色的治理模式,累计治理水土流失面积5.18万hm2,减少水土流失面积3.4万hm2,生态安全状况明显好转,惠及7个乡镇106个村近20万人。同时,形成了一整套科学的管理办法、技术路线和治理模式。